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As of 2013, about 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, categorized in 12 families. The infraorder Isoptera is divided into the following clade and household groups, showing that the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species have been restricted to moderate tropical and subtropical lands south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 classified species.34.

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Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three ecological groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are usually small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1. )

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not have a set of eyes. But some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they use for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), the original source heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). Continued The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.

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Consistent with insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 There are ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to those in cockroaches but are more simplified. For instance, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the sperm is either immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a feature strikingly similar to this in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, so that they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each and every caste, but the soldiers have larger and thicker legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, located between the claws, which can be present see this page in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Soldiers F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the most labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.